Mass,Volume and Velocity of the Antarctic Ice Sheet: Present-Day Changes and Error Effects     

A. Groh  H. Ewert  R. Rosenau  E. Fagiolini  C. Gruber  D. Floricioiu  W. Abdel Jaber  S. Linow  F. Flechtner  M. Eineder  W. Dierking  R. Dietrich 《Surveys in Geophysics》2014,35(6):1481-1505

This study examines present-day changes of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) by means of different data sets. We make use of monthly gravity field solutions acquired by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to study mass changes of the AIS for a 10-year period. In addition to ‘standard’ solutions of release 05, solutions based on radial base functions were used. Both solutions reveal an increased mass loss in recent years. For a 6-year period surface-height changes were inferred from laser altimetry data provided by the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat). The basin-scale volume trends were converted into mass changes and were compared with the GRACE estimates for the same period. Focussing on the Thwaites Glacier, Landsat optical imagery was utilised to determine ice-flow velocities for a period of more than two decades. This data set was extended by means of high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from the TerraSAR-X mission, revealing an accelerated ice flow of all parts of the glacier. ICESat data over the Thwaites Glacier were complemented by digital elevation models inferred from TanDEM-X data. This extended data set exhibits an increased surface lowering in recent times. Passive microwave remote sensing data prove the long-term stability of the accumulation rates in a low accumulation zone in East Antarctica over several decades. Finally, we discuss the main error sources of present-day mass-balance estimates: the glacial isostatic adjustment effect for GRACE as well as the biases between laser operational periods and the volume–mass conversion for ICESat.  相似文献   

Correlation of Aerogravity and BHT Data to Develop a Geothermal Gradient Map of the Northern Western Desert of Egypt using an Artificial Neural Network     

Haby S. Mohamed  Mohamed Abdel Zaher  Mahmoud M. Senosy  Hakim Saibi  Mohamed El Nouby  J. Derek Fairhead 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2015,172(6):1585-1597

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Evaluation of the effect of water management interventions on water level of Gaza coastal aquifer     

Mazen Abualtayef  Ghada Abdel Rahman  Ismael Snounu  Khalid Qahman  Hasan Sirhan  Ahmed Khaled Seif 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(24):555

Gaza coastal aquifer (GCA) is the most precious natural source where it is the only source of water for different uses. Groundwater crisis in Gaza includes two major folds: shortage of water supply and contamination. The extraction of groundwater currently exceeds the aquifer recharge rate. As a result, the groundwater level is falling continuously leading severely deterioration of GCA. The main objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the current and proposed water resources management plans and their effect on the water level of GCA. In this respect, the available quantities of rainfall that could be harvested and infiltrated from different types of land-use based on existing and planned situations are studied using GIS tool and numerical models for GCA using V-MODFLOW environment for simulating four scenarios: (i) existing management practice (no action scenario), (ii) proposed Palestinian Water Authority (PWA) stormwater infiltration plan, (iii) proposed Gaza Emergency Technical Assistance Program (GETAP) interventions, and (iv) combination between second and third scenarios. The management scenarios were tested with the calibrated flow model for the target period between 2016 and 2040. The simulation results of existing management practice scenario show that there are several depression zones in Gaza Strip; in southern part from ??18 to ??24 m MSL in 2020 and 2040, in the northern part from ??7 to ??12 m MSL in 2020 and 2040, and in the middle regions experienced a small decline in groundwater level. The simulation results of proposed PWA scenario indicate similar depression zones as per first scenario but with good enhancement of water level, ??17 to ??18 m MSL in the southern part and ??3 to ??6 m MSL in the northern part in 2020 and 2040, respectively. The simulation results of GETAP intervention scenario show a positive impact on groundwater level. The results of fourth scenario show good enhancement of water level, in which the water level in the northern part ranges from +?3 to +?6 m MSL in 2020 and 2040, while in the south part ranges from ??15 to +?4 MSL in 2020 and 2040.  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系烃源岩评价     

龙华山  王绪龙  向才富  雷德文  郭继刚  阿布力米提  郑金海  王力宏  庞雄奇 《现代地质》2013,27(5):1070-1080

第三次资源评价(三次资评)结果表明准噶尔盆地侏罗系石油资源量占盆地总资源量的30%以上,天然气资源量占盆地总资源量的28%,其中30. 7%的原油资源和45. 7%的天然气资源分布在准噶尔盆地的南缘,可见应深人分析南缘侏罗系主力烃源岩的特征及其生烃潜力。通过对三次资评之后勘探所积累的地质地球化学数据的系统分析,认为准噶尔盆地南缘有机质类型总体以且II₂型和III型为主,纵向上发育了一套优质烃源岩(八道湾组)和两套中等丰度的烃源岩 (三工河组和西山窑组),烃源岩的规模远远大于三次资源评价的结果。这3套烃源岩均达到了成熟一过成熟的演化阶段,在白垩纪末期进入生油高峰期,在新近纪末期进入生气高峰期,生油气关键时刻与圈闭的形成和定型匹配良好,有利于形成大型和超大型油气藏。研究成果对指导准噶尔盆地南缘油气勘探具有重要的理论和实际意义。  相似文献   

Particle associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmospheric environment of urban and suburban residential area   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

M. A. Salam M.Sc.  Ph.D.  Y. Shirasuna M.Sc.  K. Hirano M.Sc.  S. Masunaga M.Sc.  Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(2):255-266

Ten polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with suspended particulate matter in the ambient air were collected at two sampling sites: urban and suburban residential areas of Yokohama, Japan from 1999 to 2005. The concentrations of target compounds were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total concentrations were higher in urban residential area than suburban residential area. They ranged from 0.31 to 6.16 ng/m3 withameanof2.07ng/m3 and 0.33 to2.87ng/m3 with a mean of 1.02 ng/m3 in the urban and suburban residential areas, respectively. The predominant compounds determined both in the urban and suburban residential areas were benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[ghi]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and benzo[e]pyrene. The concentrations of 5- and 6-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were higher in the urban than the suburban residential area, accounting for 77.3 % and 72.1 % of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively. Source identification was performed by principal component analysis. Two principal components were identified for each study area and these accounted for 95.9 % and 83.3 % of total variance, respectively. The results revealed that stationary source and vehicle emissions were the major pollution sources in the studied areas. The impact of emission regulations for automobiles in large Japanese cities, which were enacted during 2002 and 2003, was also studied. Based on the average total concentration, emission reduction was 47.8 % and 18.6 % in urban residential and suburban residential areas, respectively.  相似文献   

On the relationship between climatic variables and pressure systems over Saudi Arabia in the winter season     

H.M.HASANEAN  H.Abdel BASSET  M.A.A.HUSSEIN 《大气科学进展》2015,32(5):690-703

The synoptic circulation over Saudi Arabia is complicated and frequently governed by the effect of large-scale pressure systems. In this work, we used NCEP–NCAR global data to illustrate the relationship between climatic variables and the main pressure systems that affect the weather and climate of Saudi Arabia, and also to investigate the influence of these pressure systems on surface air temperature(SAT) and rainfall over the region in the winter season. It was found that there are two primary patterns of pressure that influence the weather and climate of Saudi Arabia. The first occurs in cases of a strengthening Subtropical High(Sub H), a weakening Siberian High(Sib H), a deepening of the Icelandic Low(Ice L), or a weakening of the Sudanese Low(Sud L). During this pattern, the Sub H combines with the Sib H and an obvious increase of sea level pressure(SLP) occurs over southern European, the Mediterranean, North Africa, and the Middle East. This belt of high pressure prevents interaction between midlatitude and extratropical systems, which leads to a decrease in the SAT,relative humidity(RH) and rainfall over Saudi Arabia. The second pattern occurs in association with a weakening of the Sub H, a strengthening of the Sib H, a weakening of the Ice L, or a deepening of the Sud L. The pattern arising in this case leads to an interaction between two different air masses: the first(cold moist) air mass is associated with the Mediterranean depression travelling from west to east, while the second(warm moist) air mass is associated with the northward oscillation of the Sud L and its inverted V-shape trough. The interaction between these two air masses increases the SAT, RH and the probability of rainfall over Saudi Arabia, especially over the northwest and northeast regions.  相似文献   

Lateral variations of coda Q and attenuation of seismic waves in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt     

Mamdouh A. Morsy  Sherif El Hady  Salah M. Mahmoud  Enayat Abdel Moneim Awad 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(1):1-11

Gulf of Suez consists mainly of three tectonic provinces that are separated by two accommodation zones. The southern edge of the gulf is bordered by N–S faults which mark the transition between the shallow water, Suez Basin and the deep northern Red Sea Basin. The sensitivity of coda Q measurements with respect to geological differences in the crust is demonstrated in three regions with a large variety of tectonic and geologic properties. The estimation of coda Q (Qc) is performed for 370 local earthquakes recorded at 12 digital seismic stations during the period from 2000 to 2007. The magnitudes of the earthquakes between 1.5 and ~4.5 have been used at central frequencies 1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 Hz through three lapse time windows 10, 20, 30 s starting at once and twice the time of the primary S wave from the origin time. The time domain coda decay method of the single isotropic scattering model is employed to calculate frequency-dependent values of coda Q. The Qc values are frequency dependent in the range 1–25 Hz, and are approximated by a least squares fit to the power law [Qc(f) = Qo(f/fo)η]. The observed coda Q indicates that the area is seismically and tectonically active with high heterogeneities. The variation of the quality factor Qc has been estimated at different regions to observe the effect of different tectonic province. The average frequency-dependent estimated relations of Qc vary from 65f1.1 to 96f0.9 at 10 to 30 s window length, respectively. The decreasing value of the frequency parameter with increasing lapse time shows that the crust acquires homogeneity with depth. The variation of Qc with the variations in the geologic and tectonic properties of the crust was investigated. The frequency exponent η might be larger in active tectonic areas and smaller in more stable regions. In the northern region of the Gulf of Suez, the obtained value of η?=?0.8?±?0.011, which might indicate a low level of tectonic activity compared with η?=?1.1?±?0.005 and 1.3?±?0.009 for the central and southern regions of the gulf.  相似文献   

Evaluation of plan configuration irregularity effects on seismic response demands of L-shaped MRF buildings     

Shehata E. Abdel Raheem  Momen M. M. Ahmed  Mohamed M. Ahmed  Aly G. A. Abdel-shafy 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(9):3845-3869

Damage assessments after past earthquakes have frequently revealed that plan configuration irregular buildings have more severe damage due to excessive torsional responses and stress concentration than regular buildings. The plan configuration irregularities introduce major challenges in the seismic design of buildings. One such form of irregularity is the presence of re-entrant corners in the L-shaped buildings that causes stress concentration due to sudden changes in stiffness and torsional response amplification; hence causes early collapse. A constructive research into re-entrant corner and torsional irregularity problems is essentially needed greater than ever. Therefore, the focus of this study is to investigate structural seismic response demands for the class of L-shaped buildings through evaluating the plan configuration irregularity of re-entrant corners and lateral–torsion coupling effects on measured seismic response demands. The measured responses include story drift, inter-story drift, story shear force, overturning moment, torsion moment at the base and over building height, and torsional irregularity ratio. Three dimensional finite element model for nine stories symmetric buildings as reference model is developed. In addition, six L-shaped building models are formulated with gradual reduction in the plan of the reference building model. The results prove that building models with high irregularity are more vulnerable due to the stress concentration and lateral torsional coupling behavior than that with regular buildings. In addition, the related lateral shear forces in vertical resisting elements located on the periphery of the L-shaped buildings could be significantly increased in comparison with the corresponding values for a symmetric building.  相似文献   

Geochemical and stable isotopic studies of Gulf of Suez’s hot springs, Egypt     

Mohamed Abdel Zaher  Hakim Saibi  Sachio Ehara 《中国地球化学学报》2012,31(2):120-127

The Gulf of Suez region is one of the most interesting geothermal areas in Egypt because of the high temperatures of its springs.The eastern and western shores of the Gulf of Suez are characterized by superficial thermal manifestations including a cluster of hot springs with varied temperatures.Variations of deuterium and oxygen-18 concentrations in thermal waters have been used to aid in describing the source of recharge in the Gulf of Suez hot springs.Isotope and geochemical data for the Gulf of Suez thermal waters suggest that recharge to the hot springs may not be entirely from the Gulf of Suez water,but possibly from the meteoric water that comes from areas of higher altitude surrounding the hot springs.  相似文献   

Continental back-arc basin origin of some ophiolites from the Eastern Desert of Egypt     

E. S. Farahat  M. M. El Mahalawi  G. Hoinkes  A. Y. Abdel Aal 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2004,82(1-2):81-104

Summary Geochemical and petrographical data of three ophiolitic pillow metavolcanic occurrences from the central Eastern Desert of Egypt are presented. The investigated rocks show a subalkaline, tholeiitic affinity. Chemical data indicate that the metavolcanics have transitional within-plate basalt to island-arc basalt features, which are characteristics of basalts formed in ensialic back-arc basins. The association of the investigated ophiolites with volcanoclastic metasedimentary rocks of marine to continental facies is a further confirmation of their ensialic evolution. This suggestion, along with the geochronologic, isotopic and crustal growth rate evidences, revives interest in models that involve contribution from a pre-Pan-African continental crust at least in the southern part of the Egyptian Shield. Mixing between a depleted mantle-derived magma and an enriched crustal melt, a process similar to AFC (assimilation and fractional crystallization), is suggested for the evolution of the investigated rocks. This study provides evidence for formation of some ophiolites in the Eastern Desert of Egypt in continental (ensialic) back arc basins.  相似文献